The expansion of Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) in Brazil continues to accelerate, fueling growing concerns related to cybersecurity and the possible dual-use — civilian and strategic — nature of the technologies integrated into these vehicles. Unlike traditional automobiles, modern EVs increasingly function as mobile digital platforms capable of collecting, processing, and transmitting vast amounts of sensitive data in real time.…
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Emerging Threats
Transnational Crime Mexican Cartels’ Regional Networks Challenge Security Across Latin America
The expansion of Mexican cartels across Latin America is no longer defined solely by the movement of drugs. Increasingly, organizations such as the Sinaloa Cartel and Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) are embedding themselves into regional criminal ecosystems through alliances, logistics networks, corruption, and control of strategic infrastructure, creating security challenges that extend far beyond narcotics trafficking. As such, the…
Transnational Crime Haiti Enhances Operational Response with Gang Suppression Force
The deployment of the Gang Suppression Force (GSF) marks a shift in how security operations are conducted in Haiti, introducing a more robust, coordinated approach to confronting heavily armed gangs that control large areas of the country. Backed by international partners, the force is designed to operate with greater scale, mobility, and tactical capability than previous efforts. The GSF “represents…
Security & Cooperation Antigua and Barbuda Strengthens Maritime Security in the Eastern Caribbean
Security cooperation between Antigua and Barbuda and the United States is strengthening maritime interdiction and surveillance capabilities in the Eastern Caribbean, a region frequently used by drug trafficking networks. Supported by multinational exercises, technical assistance, and intelligence sharing, these efforts are enhancing the country’s operational readiness and deepening its integration into the regional security framework. Antigua and Barbuda, located along…
Strategic Influence China Expands Undersea Mapping for Strategic Advantage and Critical Resources
China is carrying out an expansive effort to strengthen its position across the world’s oceans, driven by both strategic military interests and the search for critical seabed resources. Recent investigations and maritime tracking data indicate that Beijing has deployed a broad network of underwater mapping and surveillance activities spanning the Pacific, Indian, and Arctic oceans. Analysts say the information collected…
Transnational Crime Cooperation and Integration Strengthen Jamaica’s Maritime Security
Jamaica’s approach to maritime security has become a key example of how interagency coordination, integrated capabilities, and cooperation with regional partners can strengthen responses to transnational organized crime in the Caribbean. This strategy combines intelligence sharing, maritime domain awareness, surveillance, and joint operational action to improve the detection and interdiction of illicit maritime activity. Maritime interdiction: A blow to drug…
Transnational Crime Jalisco New Generation Cartel Expands Illegal Mercury Trafficking in South America
Illegal mercury trafficking is emerging as one of the newest and most lucrative criminal frontiers for the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), which in recent years has expanded its activities far beyond drug trafficking. Mercury is essential for illegal gold extraction, used to separate the precious metal from soil and sediment in alarming proportions: on average, nearly 2.5 tons of…
Transnational Crime Caribbean Trafficking Routes to Europe Drive New Security Challenges
The Caribbean has ceased to be merely a secondary route for drug trafficking to Europe and has become a strategic hub for transnational criminal networks, which increasingly exploit institutional weaknesses, security gaps, and the region’s geographic advantages to move cocaine across the Atlantic. As interdiction pressure intensifies, criminal organizations are adapting their operations through more flexible routes that connect South…
Transnational Crime Pressure, Diversification, and Fragmentation Shape Ecuador’s Criminal Landscape
Ecuador’s criminal landscape continues to rapidly evolve, as a response to the Daniel Noboa administration’s military pressure campaign. This evolution is marked by an ongoing diversification and fragmentation of major criminal organizations and the proliferation of smaller armed groups and local gangs. The government response and criminal groups’ adaptation are increasing instability and driving a surge in violence across a…
Emerging Threats Chinese Cyber Espionage Puts Latin America’s Critical Infrastructure at Risk
Nearly a decade had passed since they began operating in the shadows. The Gallium group — tracked by Google under the designation UNC2814 — moved silently through government and corporate networks in dozens of countries, gaining access, extracting information, and refining its methods without triggering visible alarms. In February, Reuters reported that UNC2814 had compromised at least 53 organizations in…
Transnational Crime Guatemala Strengthens Fentanyl Detection Through K-9 Capabilities
As synthetic drug trafficking expands across the hemisphere, Guatemala is strengthening its ability to detect fentanyl through specialized K-9 training — part of a broader effort to address emerging supply chains that increasingly involve precursor flows through Central America. The initiative reflects a growing regional emphasis on early detection and interdiction, as security forces adapt to a drug that has…
Security & Cooperation Nothing Happens Until Something Moves: Designing a Multinational Movement and Transportation Manual to Enable Military Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief
Hurricanes devastate Caribbean islands, earthquakes destroy infrastructure across multiple countries, and volcanoes spew lava, isolating mountain towns from the rest of the country. These disasters often exceed a nation’s capacity to rescue and care for its affected citizens. When that happens, nations typically turn to national and international civilian organizations, such as the United Nations. However, when those organizations cannot…