Colombia’s gold mining industry has historically been rife with criminality, creating an immense black market for the precious metal. Criminal organizations including the National Liberation Army (ELN), dissident groups of the former Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and other criminal gangs exploit Colombia’s large gold reserves, financing multiple criminal [ … ]
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Climate Change as a Regional Security Issue
Published in the Journal of the Americas, Volume 4, Third Edition 2022, the U.S. Air Force professional magazine. Introduction This paper analyzes the impacts of climate change on the roles and missions of the armed forces in Latin America and the Caribbean, and examines the range of missions generated [ … ]
US Sanctions Nicaraguan Gold Industry
On October 24, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned the Nicaraguan Ministry of Energy and Mines’ (MEME) General Directorate of Mines (DGM), which the Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo regime use to finance its authoritarian and destabilizing activities, the Treasury said in a statement. The sanctions come under a new Executive [ … ]
Tussle for the Amazon: New Frontiers in Brazil’s Organized Crime Landscape
Brazil is witnessing a “tussle for the Amazon”—a new and deadly phase in the history of its organized crime groups and their operations. While the country is no stranger to violent criminal organizations, recent years have seen groups building increasingly sophisticated networks, both within and beyond Brazil’s borders. In the [ … ]
Illegal mining in Peru Threatens Protected Areas
Illegal mining is threatening and eating away at the Tambopata National Reserve and Bahuaja Sonene National Park, located in the Madre de Dios department of Peru, where environmental criminals are sowing terror with extortion, robbery, and death threats, according to an investigation by environmental journalism platform Mongabay. “In almost all [ … ]
Venezuelan Intelligence Agencies Guilty of Crimes Against Humanity, UN Report Says
Venezuela’s intelligence agencies are committing crimes against humanity as part of a plan orchestrated by the Nicolás maduro regime to repress dissent, warns a mid-September United Nations (U.N.) report. The repression is carried out “including through the commission of extremely grave acts of torture,” the U.N. Independent International Fact-Finding Mission [ … ]
Fishing for Security: Taking on Illegal Fishing in Latin America
This article was first published in September 2021, by the Jack Gordon Institute for Public Policy, part of Florida International University’s Steven J. Green School for International and Public Affairs. Introduction Over 25 years ago, illegal fishing was seen as a significant threat to international fisheries. Extraordinary efforts, such as [ … ]
Latin America, most Lethal Region for Environmental Defenders
In the last decade, at least 1,733 people have been killed trying to protect their lands and the environment worldwide. More than half of the attacks have taken place in Latin American countries, the report A Decade of Resistance by Global Witness, a London-based nongovernmental organization (NGO) that documents these [ … ]
Criminal Groups Destroy Peruvian Amazon, Study Shows
Peru’s 70 million hectares of Amazon rainforest are being razed at an alarming rate. According to a recent study by Brazilian think tank Instituto Igarapé in partnership with InSight Crime, which specializes in organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean, the destruction of the forest has intensified in recent [ … ]
Brazil: 8 out of 10 Women Human and Environmental Rights Defenders in the Amazon Are Violence Victims, NGO Says
In 2021, eight out of every 10 women human and environmental rights defenders in the Brazilian Amazon were victims of violence. This is what the Igarapé Institute, a Brazilian think tank that specializes in public, climate, and digital security, indicated in a recent report. Illegal activities from transnational criminal organizations, [ … ]
Suriname, Strengthening Border Protection from Illegal Activities
Opening lines of communication with neighboring countries to successfully fight against narcotrafficking and other crimes has been one of the focus of Colonel Werner Guiseppe Kioe A Sen, commander of the Suriname Armed Forces (SAF). Col. Kioe A Sen is set on keeping criminal international organizations away from Suriname. Col. [ … ]
Russia Eyes Sudanese Gold To Fund War
Soon after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, a Russian cargo plane idled on a runway in Khartoum, Sudan. According to CNN, the plane’s manifest claimed it was loaded with cookies. When inspectors boarded the plane to confirm its contents, they found some cookies. But beneath the cookies, they also found one [ … ]