In the past five years, a confluence of events in Colombia and Venezuela have empowered the National Liberation Army (ELN) to become a far more dangerous and intractable threat to both countries, and the region. The reinforcing effects of the partial demobilization the rival Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC),1 [ … ]
Academia


Maritime Crime During the Pandemic: Unmasking Trends in the Caribbean
*This article was first published by the Center for International Maritime Security While life on land for most people has been unusually sedentary in 2020 with significant travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders, the maritime space has remained remarkably active. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic the Caribbean’s maritime [ … ]

New directions in the deepening Chinese-Argentine engagement
The December 2019 inauguration of President Alberto Fernández and Vice President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in Argentina returned to power a Peronist government that has not only moved the nation in an increasingly left-populist direction, but has also opened the door for a substantial deepening of the country’s already significant [ … ]

Vaccine Diplomacy in Latin America, Caribbean a PR Coup for China
The COVID-19 pandemic has created multiple opportunities for the People’s Republic of China to advance its commercial position and influence in Latin America and the Caribbean. The most significant, in the short term, has been China’s vaccine diplomacy. Over a million people in the region have died from COVID-19 since [ … ]

China’s Diplomatic and Political Approach in Latin America and the Caribbean
Testimony before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission Chairman Bartholomew, Commissioner Scissors, distinguished members of the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, thank you for the opportunity to share my work and views with you today regarding China’s diplomatic and political approach in Latin America and the Caribbean. [ … ]

Chinese Advances in Chile
©2021 Global Americans For more than twenty years, successive Chilean governments, on both the right and the left, have sought to integrate their country, with its back to the Andes mountains, into the Pacific rim's flourishing economy. Chile has already tied itself to Asia and other parts of the world [ … ]

Cooperation and Coordination Operations with Agencies and War Operations Integrating doctrine
Since the end of the Cold War, changes in the context of what used to be called "war" have transformed military thinking around the world. The beginning of the 1990s, marked by the certainty that history was writing a new page in the evolution of humanity, brought to military science [ … ]

Fragmentation of contemporary conflicts and cyberwar
When we observe the four generations of war, we realize that the evolution of technology influences and changes the form of conflicts. This technological evolution also depends on the nature of conflicts, whose great characteristic today is fragmentation. During the Cold War there were two main models. The war that [ … ]

All Socialists Are Equal, but Some Are More Equal Than Others
This article was originally published in the Military Review magazine, English edition (November-December 2019). The title of this article is derived from the final “commandment” mandated by the self-appointed leaders of a group of revolutionist animals depicted in George Orwell’s Animal Farm, published in 1945. The allegory is a morality [ … ]

Geopolitical and Strategic Educational Factors to be a Navy of Regional Projection and Influence
Abstract This research article is developed from the study of the educational system of the Military Forces, within the framework of the guidelines issued by the Ministry of National Defense (MDN) since 2007, through the Strategic Plan of the Educational System (PESE), established the educational policies to improve in all [ … ]

Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the commercial, political and military hegemony that Colombia exercises over the ALBA subregion.
Summary: This article presents the most updated information on the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the commercial, political and military hegemony that Colombia exercises in the sub-region of the ALBA Countries. For this purpose, a qualitative method was used to describe the way in which this pandemic is affecting [ … ]

The environment as a national interest: Convergence of threats environmental damage, GAO and transactional threats.
Abstract The objective of this article is to show how the environment should be considered by the State as a national interest that deserves its protection, thus sustaining environmental damage as a new threat that must be appropriately mitigated by the State. Therefore, the thematic guidelines that will be developed [ … ]